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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant drugs are the first line treatment for ADHD. They have a history of a robust response, good tolerance, and safety throughout the lifespan. However, it's important to find the right medication and dosage that relieves your child's or your own symptoms without causing side effects. This often takes lots of trial and error, as well as open communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are medications that increase activity in the central nervous system. They are frequently used for enhancement of cognitive and performance by students, athletes as well as artists and workers. They are also employed for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), binge eating disorder and some anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates and other stimulant medications are among the most commonly used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both extended-release and immediate-release formulations. The immediate-release medications are typically taken every 4 hours. When they wear off, they can cause an abrupt and brief drop in energy. The crash may cause extreme craving, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is particularly true when they don't take enough food. Extended-release medicines are formulated to release active ingredients over a period of 8 to 16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this kind of medication if you are looking for long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill multiple times per day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate products. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana which adheres to the skin like a band-aid and lasts all day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults with ADHD and require daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release options. The use of stimulants doesn't treat ADHD However, they can assist in managing symptoms by enhancing the way that neurons in the brain communicate with each other. They accomplish this by altering the levels of neurotransmitters within the brain, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. This is done by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released and helps messages between neurons be more efficiently transferred and received. Doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants that doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibiters are a great choice for people suffering from anxiety or depression. These medications are usually paired with stimulants to enhance their effectiveness. Other reasons why your doctor may switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working or it causes intolerable side effects. Long-acting Around 70% to 80percent of children and adults with ADHD benefit from stimulants. They can reduce symptoms like fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus in conversations or on tasks. They can also improve the performance of your job and improve your social skills. The stimulant medication starts to work as soon as it crosses the blood-brain barriers, which takes 45-60 minutes. They increase the levels Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells, which decreases hyperactivity and impulseivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medication consists of one of two molecules, methylphenidate, (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine, (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). The stimulants can cause adverse effects like nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also cause headaches and anxiety. They can also make tics more severe and cause sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) can be used throughout the night and day unlike the short-acting drugs which last only a few hours. They can also aid with other disorders like anxiety or depression. These medications work by changing the ways your body regulates chemicals called monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals remain in the body for longer if they're not broken down. This can affect your behavior and thinking. Long-acting drugs can have less negative effects. Your doctor will prescribe it in smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended-release formulations that you take every day. Some adults might prefer this option however, it is important to remember to take the stimulants every day. SSRIs and other medicines have shown to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. SSRIs are typically prescribed for depression or anxiety but they can also be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people respond to these drugs. Bupropion, also known as Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was shown to be more efficient in a controlled research than placebos. These medications can trigger serious side effects, like ringing of the ears, anxiety and changes in heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medications reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that are present in the brain. These two chemicals aid people to control their behavior and focus. They come in a variety of different forms and each one comes with its own distinct brand, such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant medications: the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but differ in the duration of their action. adhd and medication can produce a less lasting effect, lasting for up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other are more effective. Some people are better able to tolerate stimulant drugs that have a long-acting effect than short-acting medications, so your doctor may prescribe this kind of drug. It is crucial to know all you can about the medication that you are taking, including the possible side effects, how often it is recommended to take it and any special warnings that should be followed. This will help to work with your doctor in figuring out the right medication and dose for you. You should also understand that these drugs can cause some negative side effects, including problems getting to sleep or losing appetite. Consult your physician when you experience these side effects. You may have to adjust the dosage or try another drug. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to stimulants could be treated with non-stimulant medications that take longer to get started but increase the capacity of an individual to focus and control impulses. These drugs may be prescribed either alone or in combination. Atomoxetine, also referred to as Strattera or Qelbree, is the first. It increases dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex that regulates the behavior. Another is Guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) that belongs to a class of medications called alpha agonists. These drugs work by preventing Reuptake and increasing levels of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has been proved to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. These include stimulants and depressants such as Guanfacine or Clonidine. These drugs may influence a calming effect on the brain, and reduce symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also aid in preventing withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination could be dangerous if not used correctly. Combining two stimulants at simultaneously increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, which is a type of drug emergency that happens when the body has too excessive serotonin. This combination can also raise blood pressure and heart rate. The risks of taking this medication are more pronounced for people with pre-existing conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are increasingly being used by teenagers and young adults. These substances are often described as “legal highs” and are readily available at pharmacies. These drugs are also sold on the black market. These substances are dangerous particularly when they are they are combined with alcohol or other substances. Polydrug use can be dangerous. Mixing drugs can result in dangerous and unpredictable effects. These include increased heart rate, slowed breathing, hallucinations and paranoia. A study found that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD. Combining medications improved adherence, and helped patients achieve more relief from symptoms than monotherapy. Some patients, however were unable to continue treatment due adverse effects. In a few instances, the medication was discontinued because of sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be a result of a poor diagnosis, or a inaccessibility to medications. Nonstimulants are also used to treat ADHD. They can improve the quality of attention and impulse control However, they don't perform as well as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a less chance of improving concentration and focus. In a variety of studies, the atomoxetine (Concerta), when combined with methylphenidate produced better results than either drug on its on its own. Combining these two medications improved adherence and reduced side effects for most people. The combination was effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a viable alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.